![]() Functional categories like I ( INFL) and C ( COMP) are also considered to be values of X. The X-bar system can be extended to clausal structures. Thus, it becomes possible to characterize natural classes of syntactic categories. ![]() This notation allows crosscategorical reference to sets of categories.ĮXAMPLE: the two categories that can appear with an NP complement in English, Verbs and Prepositions, can now be referred to with the single feature These categories can be characterized as follows in terms of the features (substantive) and (predicative): The value of X ranges over at least the categories N, A, V, P, the so-called lexical categories (see lexical category). This condition excludes the possibility of endless projection loops, i.e. ![]() Except for the possibilities of iteration, projections In case of adjunction, the maximal projection XP can The intermediate projection X' between the head and the They can appear both on the left and on the right hand side Principles of licensing ( theta-theory, case theory). Structurally optional, their presence being determined by All other elements within the XP besides the head are Whether the X-max node always has two bars. There is one maximal projection, or X-max, corresponding Each phrase XP has one unique, structurally obligatory The structure in (ii) embodies the following assumptions about the internal structure of constituents: The sister(s) of X are called the complements of the head), and the sister(s) of X' is/are the specifier(s) (of the phrase). All other projections between the head and the maximal projection are called intermediate projections. The topnode X'' (or XP) is called the maximal projection of X. ![]() The head is called the zero projection (also written as X 0). Thus, X' is pronounced X-bar X'', X-double-bar etc. Typographically, these projections are marked by one or more primes (X' and X''), called bars. In (ii), X is called the head of the phrase. These structural properties are conventionally represented as in (ii). Theory captures the insight that all phrases share some essential structural properties.ĮXAMPLE: the structures in (i) have in common that the head (noun, verb, adjective, or preposition) has an element to its right, which can be construed as its complement. Assuming this approach, questions arise about how the label of a bare phrase structure formed by movement can be determined and how the effects of the Structure Preservation Hypothesis can be derived.SYNTAX: theory about the internal structure of syntactic constituents which was originally intended to place constraints on the power of phrase structure rules. Much of this theoretical apparatus has recently been abandoned in the version of the Minimalist Program outlined in Chomsky 1995, which revives generalized transformations and develops a ââbareââ X-bar theory. BARE X-BAR THEORY AND STRUCTURES FORMED BY MOVEMENT Jairo Nunes Universidade Estadual de Campinas Within the principles-and-parameters framework, the categorial type of structures formed by movement and the matching of phrasal status between moved elements and targets of movement have traditionally been determined by primitives of X-bar theory combined with some version of Emondsâs (1976) Structure Preservation Hypothesis. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, Mass. In Principles and parameters in comparative grammar, ed. Assuming this approach, questions arise about how the label of a bare phrase structure formed by movement can be determined and how the effects of the Structure Preservation Hypothesis can be derived. Bare X-Bar Theory and Structures Formed by Movement Bare X-Bar Theory and Structures Formed by Movement
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